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Silvertip shark
The silvertip shark (''Carcharhinus albimarginatus'') is a large species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, with a fragmented distribution throughout the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. This species is often encountered around offshore islands and coral reefs, and has been known to dive to a depth of . The silvertip shark resembles a larger, bulkier grey reef shark (''C. amblyrhynchos''), and can be easily identified by the prominent white margins on its fins. It attains a maximum length of .
An aggressive, powerful apex predator, the silvertip shark feeds on a wide variety of bony fishes, as well as eagle rays, smaller sharks, and cephalopods. This species dominates other requiem sharks of equal size when competing for food, and larger individuals are often heavily scarred from conflicts with others of its species. As with other members of its family, the silvertip shark is viviparous, with females giving birth to one to 11 pups in the summer. Silvertip sharks are regarded as potentially dangerous to humans, as they often approach divers quite closely. This slow-reproducing species is taken by commercial fisheries for its meat, fins, skin, cartilage, and jaws and teeth, which has apparently led to local population declines or extirpations. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as Near Threatened.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The silvertip shark was originally described as ''Carcharias albimarginatus'' by German naturalist Eduard Rüppell, in the 1837 ''Fische des Rothen Meeres'' (''Fishes of the Red Sea''). The name was later changed to the currently valid ''Carcharhinus albimarginatus''.〔 The specific epithet is derived from the Latin ''albi'' meaning "white", and ''marginatus'' meaning "to enclose with a border",〔Bester, Cathleen. (Biological Profiles: Silvertip Shark ), Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Retrieved on February 12, 2009.〕 in reference to the distinct white fin margins.〔Dianne J. Bray, 2011, Silvertip Shark, Carcharhinus albimarginatus, in Fishes of Australia, accessed 2 September 2014, http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2878〕 In 1960, a -long immature male caught off Ras Muhammad in the Red Sea was designated as the type specimen.〔 Based on similarities in morphology, tooth shape, and vertebral characters, Garrick (1982) proposed the grey reef shark as the closest relative of the silvertip shark.〔Garrick, J.A.F. (1982). ''Sharks of the genus ''Carcharhinus. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS CIRC-445.〕 This interpretation was corroborated by Lavery (1992), based on allozyme data.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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